journal N2 2025 

DOI: 10.52340/ekonomisti.2025.02.04

Expanded Summary

In recent years, the problem of corporate social responsibility has become increasingly relevant. The growing role of transnational corporations, increased demands from society and the state towards them exacerbate the problem of corporate social responsibility. The negative aspects of globalization require transnational corporations to make appropriate decisions, which is expressed in corporate social responsibility.

Approaches to corporate social responsibility vary from country to country, due to economic, political and cultural characteristics. There are several main models of corporate social responsibility known worldwide, each with its own specific characteristics and priorities.

The COVID-19 pandemic has further highlighted the importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) for countries. In times of crisis, most companies are committed to supporting their employees, customers, and communities. Concerns about climate change and social inequality have pushed companies to adopt sustainable and socially responsible practices.

The classical CSR model is based on the fact that rational economic interests direct business not only to maximize profits, but also to improve its own “habitat” - social, environmental, political - by voluntarily investing the profits received in appropriate institutions.

Despite the common understanding of CSR approaches and principles, the concept of CSR in each country and region has distinctive features associated with history, national and cultural characteristics, political, economic and social development. The following models of CSR stand out: the American, Japanese, Latin American, African and BRICS models.

 (Asian), global CSR models distinguish two approaches: corporate decisions based on ethical values ​​and aimed at meeting the expectations of all stakeholders are presented as mandatory (European approach) and legally non-binding (American approach).

The American model of CSR is characterized by the features of a philanthropic approach to CSR: minimal state intervention in private business, systematic financing of various non-profit organizations and foundations, corporate volunteering, advertising of charitable events.

The European model is characterized by an active role of the state and is divided into sub-models, in the formation of which the European Commission, working on CSR issues of the European Union, plays an important role. The European model of corporate social responsibility, unlike the American one, provides for the institutionalization of relations with stakeholders; The practice has developed in the depths of the welfare state. The European CSR model aims to transform companies into full members of national societies, and to transform social responsibility strategies into an important resource for European construction.

In the Japanese (Asian) model, the state and traditions play an active role. The African CSR model aims to provide financial assistance to companies for projects to combat poverty. Educational programs in the field of HIV infection, education and support for local organizations. Latin American countries are characterized by high media activity. Therefore, the public is quite well aware of the issue of CSR. The development of CSR in the BRICS countries aims to strengthen corporate governance, environmental protection and social policy in addressing personnel.

In countries with transition economies, the model of business social responsibility is at the stage of formation and has the characteristics of models close to traditional ones.

Despite the initiatives implemented, the introduction and implementation of CSR in Georgia does not have a coordinated character. The state is unable to develop CSR in a unified manner, which is why the implementation of CSR policy is transferred to civil society, and only through separate initiatives is the unification of the civil sector, business, and individual state organizations around CSR principles achieved.

The implementation of CSR in Georgia is also important for small and medium-sized enterprises, which will strengthen the competitiveness of enterprises and promote the development of new opportunities.

Analysis and comparison of European examples of CSR allows the formulation of recommendations that will help both the state and private and civil organizations support the effective implementation of CSR.