ჟურნალი ეკონომისტი

Journal N1, 2025 content

journal N1 2025 შინაარსი - C O N T E N T საზღვარგარეთის ქვეყნების ეკონომიკა – ECONOMY OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES Ахундова Айтакин Гасан кызы – Событий туризм как драйвер экономического роста регионов 11 Aytakin Gasan Akhundova – Events Tourism as a Driver of Economic Growth in Regions(Expanded Summary) 16 აიტაკინ გასან ქიზი ახუნდოვა – ღონისძიებების ტურიზმი, როგორც ეკონომიკური ზრდის მამოძრავებელი ძალა რეგიონებში 19 Adalat Baba Azizov
2025-03-13

Journal number 1 ∘ Aytakin Gasan Akhundova ∘

EVENTS TOURISM AS A DRIVER OF ECONOMIC GROWTH IN REGIONS

journal N1 2025 DOI: 10.52340/ekonomisti.2025.01.01 Expanded Summary In recent years, event tourism has firmly taken a leading position in the preferences of modern travelers, although many of them are not yet fully aware of all its benefits. Research on tourism market trends confirms that interest in large-scale events—whether in the fields of business, sports, cultural holidays, or festivals—is steadily growing. It is these trips that allow travelers to experience unforgettable emotions and a unique experience, often surpassing the impressions of a regular beach vacation, even with an extensive excursion program. This form of tourism not only attracts the attention and emotions of tourists but also becomes a powerful engine for economic growth for countries and regions. World-class events act as catalysts for the modernization of cities, improving service levels, and attracting investment to the tourism industry. So, what exactly is event tourism? Which
2025-03-13

Journal number 1 ∘ Asif Mirlazim Mustafayev ∘ Tariel Gurbanov ∘ Ilkin Ramiz Bayramov ∘

Analysis and regulation of the structure of foreign trade in Azerbaijan

journal N1 2025 DOI: 10.52340/ekonomisti.2025.01.02 Summary The presented article analyzes the foreign trade turnover in Azerbaijan over the past 5 years. Basically, the period after the COVID-19 pandemic was analyzed. The main goal here was to assess the regulatory role of the state. Thus, separate statistical figures of both exports and imports were taken and analyzed in the article. Then, in accordance with the analysis, forecasts were made for the next 5 years. The regulatory directions of the state for the realization of forecasts are also mentioned in the article. It is concluded that the regulation of foreign economic activity carried out in Azerbaijan in general has been stable. The main goal was to reduce dependence on imports. Undoubtedly, in this sense, the development of the non-oil sector will remain one of the main goals of the Azerbaijani state in the future. Key words: Azerbaijan, foreign trade, turnover, import, export, non-oil sector, COVID-19, forecast, CIS,
2025-03-13

Journal number 1 ∘ Adalat Baba Azizov ∘

Effective development mechanism for public catering services in Azerbaijan

journal N1 2025 DOI: 10.52340/ekonomisti.2025.01.03 Summary The purpose of the research work is to analyze the current state of public catering services in Azerbaijan. Also, the issue of researching and evaluating the development perspectives of public catering facilities by types was also considered. In the article, directions for improving the mechanism of regulation of public catering services in Azerbaijan were widely analyzed and important proposals for the further development of this field were considered. Key words: Public catering, bar, cafe, restaurant, canteen, fast food, coffee shop, confectionery, pizzerias, snack bars, meatball restaurants. JEL – 014, UOT – 33 Introduction Public catering is a service sector engaged in the production and sale of ready-made food and semi-finished products. Public catering is an entrepreneurial activity related to the organization of the production, processing, sale and consumption of food products. In the
2025-03-13

Journal number 1 ∘ Levan Sabauri ∘ Nadezhda Kvatashidze ∘

Financial Reporting and Measurement of Management Performance (IFRS 18)

journal N1 2025 DOI: 10.52340/ekonomisti.2025.01.04 Summary Topic: On 9 April 2024, the International Accounting Standards Board issued a new Standard IFRS 18 Presentation and Disclosure in Financial Statements. This is the result of the Board’s Project "Primary financial statements" (), on which work began in response to dissatisfaction with the comparability and transparency of investors’ financial reporting information. Purpose and objectives: Familiarization with the requirements of the new Standard (IFRS 18) issued by the IASB, and follow-up the recommendations of the “Big Four” regarding preparation and presentation of useful information to users of financial statements. Methodology: In the course of the research, relevant references, guidance and recommendation materials, scientific articles issued by IASB and "Big Four" are used. Outcomes:The requirements of IFRS 18 will help
2025-03-13

Journal number 1 ∘ Merab Jikia ∘ Lia Kozmanashvili ∘

Current issues of product (service) pricing methodology

journal N1 2025 DOI: 10.52340/ekonomisti.2025.01.05 Expanded Summary The article discusses price as a monetary expression of the value of goods. It is noted that pricing products (services) is important because it makes a special contribution to profit maximization, which is an essential goal for most companies. As a rule, companies make a profit by selling goods and services at a price higher than cost. Most firms recognize that there is a relationship between the selling price of a product or service and demand. By studying and analyzing this relationship, it is theoretically possible to determine the optimal price, that is, the price at which the maximum profit is achieved. In addition, many companies use the cost plus markup approach when setting prices. Obviously, if the costs are known, determining the price is easy, so its use is widespread. In addition, when using this method, the reasons for price changes are more objective. In the conditions of a market economy, the
2025-03-13

Journal number 1 ∘ Marina Tabatadze ∘ Anna Tandilashvili ∘

Fiscal Features of State Entrepreneurship in Georgia

journal N1 2025 DOI: 10.52340/ekonomisti.2025.01.06 Expanded Summary The economic development of a country relies on enhancing its competitiveness, ensuring socio-economic sustainability, and effectively execution of country’s strategic plans. The success of a development strategy depends on the state's ability to foster stability, ensure predictability in economic processes, prioritize structural goals appropriately, and implement an effective policy of state support for the economy. Stabilizing the national economy and fostering inclusive growth require innovative approaches. The role of the state as an entrepreneur and modern strategies for managing state-owned enterprises remain among the most critical and underexplored topics in Georgian economic science. These issues are closely tied to fiscal concerns, particularly the regulation of the state's internal debt and its legislative framework, which is currently ambiguous and, in some cases, inconsistent. Addressing this
2025-03-13

Journal number 1 ∘ Marina Maisuradze ∘

The Aim and Challenges of the Sustainable Financial Account

journal N1 2025 DOI: 10.52340/ekonomisti.2025.01.07 Expanded Summary The Purpose and Challenges of Sustainability Reporting Sustainability reporting, specifically focused on financial disclosures relating to Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors, is a growing area of interest and importance. It provides stakeholders with critical information on a company's impact and performance regarding sustainability, beyond just financial metrics. This type of reporting integrates ESG factors into the broader financial narrative, aiming to improve transparency, accountability, and decision-making across various levels of corporate management and investment strategies. The Purpose of Sustainability Reporting Transparency: One of the primary goals of sustainability reporting is to improve clarity and accessibility of sustainability-related information for key stakeholders such as investors, customers, regulators, and the general public. By providing clear insights
2025-03-13

Journal number 1 ∘ Amin Agagulov Rovshan ∘

Assessment of business environment development problems in Azerbaijan by key risk indicators

journal N1 2025 Summary The presented article examines the current state of the business environment in Azerbaijan and the problems arising in its development. In particular, attention is paid to the risk factor. It is known that the development of the business environment in Azerbaijan is of great importance in terms of ensuring sustainable economic development and increasing social welfare. This necessity is based on a number of key factors that require the implementation of reforms and strategic initiatives aimed at improving the local business environment. In particular, the article notes that the economy of Azerbaijan largely depends on the oil and gas sector. This sector accounts for most of GDP and exports. But the volatility of oil prices on world markets clearly shows the risks of such a dependence. Diversification of the economy can be made possible by promoting development in non-oil sectors such as agriculture, tourism and technology. According to the latest statistics,
2025-03-13

Journal number 1 ∘ George Kakhadze ∘

Georgian Tobacco Production Potential: main limitations and development prospects

journal N1 2025 Expanded Summary Factors affecting Georgian tobacco production are analyzed in the article. The challenges faced by the Georgian tobacco industry, the main limitations and prospects for the development of the industry have been evaluated. The importance of Georgian tobacco production in the development of Georgian economy is substantiated. The role of the tobacco industry in the neighboring and post-Soviet countries in improving the economy and the well-being of the population is studied. Modern Georgian tobacco production is in a rather difficult and deplorable state. Tobacco cultivation, as well as production, is gradually declining and experiencing degradation instead of development. Accordingly, the article argues the need to implement reforms in the field of tobacco. Today, the Georgian tobacco industry is in a rather bad and miserable state. It is mainly characterized by: outdated machinery and inefficient cultivation and processing technologies;
2025-03-13

Journal number 1 ∘ Tornike Osadze ∘

The place of the employed in the "new poor" category

journal N1 2025 Expanded Summary Among the social groups, the place of the "new poor" is most marked in the working class, who represent the "working poor" in the traces of modernity. The "new poor" is a very complex and diverse category, which shows its social and economic content in different ways based on the example of different countries. This category, as well as poverty in general, changes over time, which is reflected in the fact that the social classes included in the mentioned social group can experience formation, change in structural composition, increase or decrease in numerical index. An important place in modern socio-economic relations is occupied by the class of employees, which contributes to the formation of the middle class. Accordingly, employment should ensure the formation of the middle class, the supporting force of the economy, although the real picture is markedly different from the existing one. Employment and the incomes derived from it are the sphere
2025-03-13

Journal number 1 ∘ Natia Gochashvili ∘

Development of an entrepreneurial university

journal N1 2025 Expanded Summary An entrepreneurial university is an institution where knowledge-based entrepreneurship gains qualitatively new opportunities for economic growth, employment promotion and competitiveness enhancement. In this context, entrepreneurial universities play an important role as a knowledge producer and knowledge disseminator. Universities and entrepreneurship have much in common and are mutually complementary. Partnerships between them can be mutually beneficial, which can be achieved under the conditions of a properly established and structured collaborative framework, shared values, flexibility and the development of reasonable programs. Developing a university culture for collaboration in industry should be an institutional priority. Partnerships are most successful when the cooperating parties have complementary assets and shared values. It is important that the collaborating parties build a consensus based on a clear understanding of how both parties
2025-03-13

Journal number 1 ∘ Merab Gejua ∘ Irma Dikhaminjia ∘ Levan kikilashvili ∘

Development of Georgias Startup Ecosystem: Growth of Green Innovations, Competitiveness of Business Models, and Implementation and Development of Green Technologies

journal N1 2025 Introduction Over the past decade, the world has significantly changed towards the development of startup ecosystems and the pursuit of innovations. This process has garnered particular attention from countries striving to direct their economic growth following the demands of international markets. One such country is Georgia, which, considering its geographical location, resources, and developing economic model, plays a crucial role in the South Caucasus region. Georgia’s startup ecosystem is developing rapidly, yet alignment with the global sustainable development agenda becomes increasingly important in this process. In light of international trends, implementing green innovations and technologies for Georgian startups is a critical factor directly linked to global sustainability goals and the country’s economic development. These trends include reliance on renewable energy sources, the optimal use of resources, and reducing environmental impact. The
2025-03-13

Journal number 1 ∘ Nino Mikeladze ∘

Macroeconomic Effects of the Changes in Spending Decomposition during Fiscal Consolidationin Georgia

journal N1 2025 Expanded Summary Fiscal policy is one of the main parts for the implementation of the economic policy, which does not have the immediate impact on the macroeconomic indicators. Therefore, during assessing the impact of fiscal policy on macroeconomic variables, not only the short-run but also the medium and long-run effects should be analyzed. Moreover, the size of the impact differs depending on the policy instruments used. The research topic of fiscal consolidation in Georgia and its possible macroeconomic impact is still new considering the available data of budget revenues and expenditures are from only 1995. Hence, the last two decades are the most important period for the discussions about the quantitative and qualitative results. It should be noted that according to the organic law of Georgia on economic freedom, budget deficit should not exceed to 3 percent of GDP and public debt should not exceed to 60 percent of GDP. Therefore, fiscal consolidation becomes
2025-03-13

Journal number 1 ∘ Natia Gochashvili ∘

On strengthening the entrepreneurial purposefulness of the education system

journal N1 2025 Expanded Summary World-renowned scientists, experts, and research centers are increasingly talking about the fact that the world is facing new challenges and opportunities, which are associated with unprecedented economic development and which will be a concomitant process of the fourth industrial revolution. Accordingly, we are standing at the crossroads of industrial revolutions or have already begun, which will bring us great changes. It is assumed that professions and workplaces will undergo mutation. There will be a need for new skills, as artificial intelligence will replace a large part of the work. The process will be exponential. Humanity will not be able to escape the changes that Industry 4.0 will bring. Against the backdrop of the technological revolution, employment-related problems will worsen in the conditions of the atrophied structure of the economy and the imbalance between the demand and supply of labor. According to forecasts, a number of
2025-03-13

Journal number 1 ∘ Ketevan Gognadze ∘

The role of international accreditation in Georgian hospital sector and managing the challenges associated with it

journal N1 2025 Expanded Summary One of the guarantees of Georgia's economic strength is the health of the country's population and the alignment of the healthcare system with international standards. A significant problem is the study of medical quality and the development and implementation of standards in the hospital sector. The introduction of international accreditation will contribute to raising the level of medical services, which will in turn increase the level of satisfaction of the population. The involvement of hospitals in the accreditation process is of great importance, as this further improves their compliance with accreditation standards. Certification is a third-party confirmation of the compliance of a product, process or service with specified requirements. Accreditation is the official recognition of the competence and impartiality of a body or person to perform specific tasks, such as certification, testing or inspection. Several leading international
2025-03-13

EKONOMISTI The international scientific and analytical, reviewed, printing and electronic journal of Paata Gugushvili Institute of Economics of Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University

DOI: 10.36172/EKONOMISTI E ISSN 2346-8432 Print ISSN 1987-6890	Journal number 1 ∘ Journal N1, 2025 content journal N1 2025 შინაარსი - C O N T E N T საზღვარგარეთის ქვეყნების ეკონომიკა – ECONOMY OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES Ахундова Айтакин Гасан кызы – Событий туризм как драйвер экономического роста регионов 11 Aytakin Gasan Akhundova – Events Tourism as a Driver of Economic Growth in Regions(Expanded Summary) 16 აიტაკინ გასან ქიზი ახუნდოვა – ღონისძიებების ტურიზმი, როგორც ეკონომიკური ზრდის მამოძრავებელი ძალა რეგიონებში 19 Adalat Baba Azizov 2025-03-13 Journal number 1 ∘ Aytakin Gasan Akhundova ∘ EVENTS TOURISM AS A DRIVER OF ECONOMIC GROWTH IN REGIONS journal N1 2025 DOI: 10.52340/ekonomisti.2025.01.01 Expanded Summary In recent years, event tourism has firmly taken a leading position in the preferences of modern travelers, although many of them are not yet fully aware of all its benefits. Research on tourism market trends confirms that interest in large-scale events—whether in the fields of business, sports, cultural holidays, or festivals—is steadily growing. It is these trips that allow travelers to experience unforgettable emotions and a unique experience, often surpassing the impressions of a regular beach vacation, even with an extensive excursion program. This form of tourism not only attracts the attention and emotions of tourists but also becomes a powerful engine for economic growth for countries and regions. World-class events act as catalysts for the modernization of cities, improving service levels, and attracting investment to the tourism industry. So, what exactly is event tourism? Which 2025-03-13 Journal number 1 ∘ Asif Mirlazim Mustafayev ∘ Tariel Gurbanov ∘ Ilkin Ramiz Bayramov ∘ Analysis and regulation of the structure of foreign trade in Azerbaijan journal N1 2025 DOI: 10.52340/ekonomisti.2025.01.02 Summary The presented article analyzes the foreign trade turnover in Azerbaijan over the past 5 years. Basically, the period after the COVID-19 pandemic was analyzed. The main goal here was to assess the regulatory role of the state. Thus, separate statistical figures of both exports and imports were taken and analyzed in the article. Then, in accordance with the analysis, forecasts were made for the next 5 years. The regulatory directions of the state for the realization of forecasts are also mentioned in the article. It is concluded that the regulation of foreign economic activity carried out in Azerbaijan in general has been stable. The main goal was to reduce dependence on imports. Undoubtedly, in this sense, the development of the non-oil sector will remain one of the main goals of the Azerbaijani state in the future. Key words: Azerbaijan, foreign trade, turnover, import, export, non-oil sector, COVID-19, forecast, CIS, 2025-03-13 Journal number 1 ∘ Adalat Baba Azizov ∘ Effective development mechanism for public catering services in Azerbaijan journal N1 2025 DOI: 10.52340/ekonomisti.2025.01.03 Summary The purpose of the research work is to analyze the current state of public catering services in Azerbaijan. Also, the issue of researching and evaluating the development perspectives of public catering facilities by types was also considered. In the article, directions for improving the mechanism of regulation of public catering services in Azerbaijan were widely analyzed and important proposals for the further development of this field were considered. Key words: Public catering, bar, cafe, restaurant, canteen, fast food, coffee shop, confectionery, pizzerias, snack bars, meatball restaurants. JEL – 014, UOT – 33 Introduction Public catering is a service sector engaged in the production and sale of ready-made food and semi-finished products. Public catering is an entrepreneurial activity related to the organization of the production, processing, sale and consumption of food products. In the 2025-03-13 Journal number 1 ∘ Levan Sabauri ∘ Nadezhda Kvatashidze ∘ Financial Reporting and Measurement of Management Performance (IFRS 18) journal N1 2025 DOI: 10.52340/ekonomisti.2025.01.04 Summary Topic: On 9 April 2024, the International Accounting Standards Board issued a new Standard IFRS 18 Presentation and Disclosure in Financial Statements. This is the result of the Board’s Project "Primary financial statements" (), on which work began in response to dissatisfaction with the comparability and transparency of investors’ financial reporting information. Purpose and objectives: Familiarization with the requirements of the new Standard (IFRS 18) issued by the IASB, and follow-up the recommendations of the “Big Four” regarding preparation and presentation of useful information to users of financial statements. Methodology: In the course of the research, relevant references, guidance and recommendation materials, scientific articles issued by IASB and "Big Four" are used. Outcomes:The requirements of IFRS 18 will help 2025-03-13 Journal number 1 ∘ Merab Jikia ∘ Lia Kozmanashvili ∘ Current issues of product (service) pricing methodology journal N1 2025 DOI: 10.52340/ekonomisti.2025.01.05 Expanded Summary The article discusses price as a monetary expression of the value of goods. It is noted that pricing products (services) is important because it makes a special contribution to profit maximization, which is an essential goal for most companies. As a rule, companies make a profit by selling goods and services at a price higher than cost. Most firms recognize that there is a relationship between the selling price of a product or service and demand. By studying and analyzing this relationship, it is theoretically possible to determine the optimal price, that is, the price at which the maximum profit is achieved. In addition, many companies use the cost plus markup approach when setting prices. Obviously, if the costs are known, determining the price is easy, so its use is widespread. In addition, when using this method, the reasons for price changes are more objective. In the conditions of a market economy, the 2025-03-13 Journal number 1 ∘ Marina Tabatadze ∘ Anna Tandilashvili ∘ Fiscal Features of State Entrepreneurship in Georgia journal N1 2025 DOI: 10.52340/ekonomisti.2025.01.06 Expanded Summary The economic development of a country relies on enhancing its competitiveness, ensuring socio-economic sustainability, and effectively execution of country’s strategic plans. The success of a development strategy depends on the state's ability to foster stability, ensure predictability in economic processes, prioritize structural goals appropriately, and implement an effective policy of state support for the economy. Stabilizing the national economy and fostering inclusive growth require innovative approaches. The role of the state as an entrepreneur and modern strategies for managing state-owned enterprises remain among the most critical and underexplored topics in Georgian economic science. These issues are closely tied to fiscal concerns, particularly the regulation of the state's internal debt and its legislative framework, which is currently ambiguous and, in some cases, inconsistent. Addressing this 2025-03-13 Journal number 1 ∘ Marina Maisuradze ∘ The Aim and Challenges of the Sustainable Financial Account journal N1 2025 DOI: 10.52340/ekonomisti.2025.01.07 Expanded Summary The Purpose and Challenges of Sustainability Reporting Sustainability reporting, specifically focused on financial disclosures relating to Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors, is a growing area of interest and importance. It provides stakeholders with critical information on a company's impact and performance regarding sustainability, beyond just financial metrics. This type of reporting integrates ESG factors into the broader financial narrative, aiming to improve transparency, accountability, and decision-making across various levels of corporate management and investment strategies. The Purpose of Sustainability Reporting Transparency: One of the primary goals of sustainability reporting is to improve clarity and accessibility of sustainability-related information for key stakeholders such as investors, customers, regulators, and the general public. By providing clear insights 2025-03-13 Journal number 1 ∘ Amin Agagulov Rovshan ∘ Assessment of business environment development problems in Azerbaijan by key risk indicators journal N1 2025 Summary The presented article examines the current state of the business environment in Azerbaijan and the problems arising in its development. In particular, attention is paid to the risk factor. It is known that the development of the business environment in Azerbaijan is of great importance in terms of ensuring sustainable economic development and increasing social welfare. This necessity is based on a number of key factors that require the implementation of reforms and strategic initiatives aimed at improving the local business environment. In particular, the article notes that the economy of Azerbaijan largely depends on the oil and gas sector. This sector accounts for most of GDP and exports. But the volatility of oil prices on world markets clearly shows the risks of such a dependence. Diversification of the economy can be made possible by promoting development in non-oil sectors such as agriculture, tourism and technology. According to the latest statistics, 2025-03-13 Journal number 1 ∘ George Kakhadze ∘ Georgian Tobacco Production Potential: main limitations and development prospects journal N1 2025 Expanded Summary Factors affecting Georgian tobacco production are analyzed in the article. The challenges faced by the Georgian tobacco industry, the main limitations and prospects for the development of the industry have been evaluated. The importance of Georgian tobacco production in the development of Georgian economy is substantiated. The role of the tobacco industry in the neighboring and post-Soviet countries in improving the economy and the well-being of the population is studied. Modern Georgian tobacco production is in a rather difficult and deplorable state. Tobacco cultivation, as well as production, is gradually declining and experiencing degradation instead of development. Accordingly, the article argues the need to implement reforms in the field of tobacco. Today, the Georgian tobacco industry is in a rather bad and miserable state. It is mainly characterized by: outdated machinery and inefficient cultivation and processing technologies; 2025-03-13 Journal number 1 ∘ Tornike Osadze ∘ The place of the employed in the "new poor" category journal N1 2025 Expanded Summary Among the social groups, the place of the "new poor" is most marked in the working class, who represent the "working poor" in the traces of modernity. The "new poor" is a very complex and diverse category, which shows its social and economic content in different ways based on the example of different countries. This category, as well as poverty in general, changes over time, which is reflected in the fact that the social classes included in the mentioned social group can experience formation, change in structural composition, increase or decrease in numerical index. An important place in modern socio-economic relations is occupied by the class of employees, which contributes to the formation of the middle class. Accordingly, employment should ensure the formation of the middle class, the supporting force of the economy, although the real picture is markedly different from the existing one. Employment and the incomes derived from it are the sphere 2025-03-13 Journal number 1 ∘ Natia Gochashvili ∘ Development of an entrepreneurial university journal N1 2025 Expanded Summary An entrepreneurial university is an institution where knowledge-based entrepreneurship gains qualitatively new opportunities for economic growth, employment promotion and competitiveness enhancement. In this context, entrepreneurial universities play an important role as a knowledge producer and knowledge disseminator. Universities and entrepreneurship have much in common and are mutually complementary. Partnerships between them can be mutually beneficial, which can be achieved under the conditions of a properly established and structured collaborative framework, shared values, flexibility and the development of reasonable programs. Developing a university culture for collaboration in industry should be an institutional priority. Partnerships are most successful when the cooperating parties have complementary assets and shared values. It is important that the collaborating parties build a consensus based on a clear understanding of how both parties 2025-03-13 Journal number 1 ∘ Merab Gejua ∘ Irma Dikhaminjia ∘ Levan kikilashvili ∘ Development of Georgias Startup Ecosystem: Growth of Green Innovations, Competitiveness of Business Models, and Implementation and Development of Green Technologies journal N1 2025 Introduction Over the past decade, the world has significantly changed towards the development of startup ecosystems and the pursuit of innovations. This process has garnered particular attention from countries striving to direct their economic growth following the demands of international markets. One such country is Georgia, which, considering its geographical location, resources, and developing economic model, plays a crucial role in the South Caucasus region. Georgia’s startup ecosystem is developing rapidly, yet alignment with the global sustainable development agenda becomes increasingly important in this process. In light of international trends, implementing green innovations and technologies for Georgian startups is a critical factor directly linked to global sustainability goals and the country’s economic development. These trends include reliance on renewable energy sources, the optimal use of resources, and reducing environmental impact. The 2025-03-13 Journal number 1 ∘ Nino Mikeladze ∘ Macroeconomic Effects of the Changes in Spending Decomposition during Fiscal Consolidationin Georgia journal N1 2025 Expanded Summary Fiscal policy is one of the main parts for the implementation of the economic policy, which does not have the immediate impact on the macroeconomic indicators. Therefore, during assessing the impact of fiscal policy on macroeconomic variables, not only the short-run but also the medium and long-run effects should be analyzed. Moreover, the size of the impact differs depending on the policy instruments used. The research topic of fiscal consolidation in Georgia and its possible macroeconomic impact is still new considering the available data of budget revenues and expenditures are from only 1995. Hence, the last two decades are the most important period for the discussions about the quantitative and qualitative results. It should be noted that according to the organic law of Georgia on economic freedom, budget deficit should not exceed to 3 percent of GDP and public debt should not exceed to 60 percent of GDP. Therefore, fiscal consolidation becomes 2025-03-13 Journal number 1 ∘ Natia Gochashvili ∘ On strengthening the entrepreneurial purposefulness of the education system journal N1 2025 Expanded Summary World-renowned scientists, experts, and research centers are increasingly talking about the fact that the world is facing new challenges and opportunities, which are associated with unprecedented economic development and which will be a concomitant process of the fourth industrial revolution. Accordingly, we are standing at the crossroads of industrial revolutions or have already begun, which will bring us great changes. It is assumed that professions and workplaces will undergo mutation. There will be a need for new skills, as artificial intelligence will replace a large part of the work. The process will be exponential. Humanity will not be able to escape the changes that Industry 4.0 will bring. Against the backdrop of the technological revolution, employment-related problems will worsen in the conditions of the atrophied structure of the economy and the imbalance between the demand and supply of labor. According to forecasts, a number of 2025-03-13 Journal number 1 ∘ Ketevan Gognadze ∘ The role of international accreditation in Georgian hospital sector and managing the challenges associated with it journal N1 2025 Expanded Summary One of the guarantees of Georgia's economic strength is the health of the country's population and the alignment of the healthcare system with international standards. A significant problem is the study of medical quality and the development and implementation of standards in the hospital sector. The introduction of international accreditation will contribute to raising the level of medical services, which will in turn increase the level of satisfaction of the population. The involvement of hospitals in the accreditation process is of great importance, as this further improves their compliance with accreditation standards. Certification is a third-party confirmation of the compliance of a product, process or service with specified requirements. Accreditation is the official recognition of the competence and impartiality of a body or person to perform specific tasks, such as certification, testing or inspection. Several leading international 2025-03-13