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Journal number 2 ∘ Paata Koguashvili Ramaz Gakhokidze
0ENERGY COST OF THE CROP

DOI:  10.36172/EKONOMISTI.2022.XVIII.02.P.Koguashvili.R.Gakhokidze

Expanded Summary

The world today is on the threshold of a new “green revolution”. New agro-organic technology based on the use of bio-energy activators is one way of addressing the problem of hunger and malnutrition. At the same time, it is a means of increasing the quantity and quality of agricultural products; it reduces the negative impact of chemicals on the environment, which will give considerable economic, ecological and social benefit.

In modern times, the new-generation regulators are widely used in crop production, especially in cereal production, which are fundamentally different from other known chemicals and allow us to manage endogenous (own) regulatory systems of plants. Using bio-energy activators, it is possible to adapt plants to different conditions. Because of these regulators, plants are more resistant to diseases and pests even in low-fertility soils and more easily adapt to the adverse weather conditions. They allow us to harvest biologically clean high-quality crops without polluting the environment.

Food production is associated with the consumption of a large amount of energy. Since transformation of bodies occurs in interaction with the environment, the nature of this or that resource depends on the environment.

In practice, photo synthetically active radiation (PAR) efficiency usually reaches only 0.9-1%, which allows to produce 10-15 centers of grain harvests per hectare. The reasons for such differences between theoretically possible and actually obtained crops are as follows: low level of soil fertility and sowing material quality; reduced or increased sowing rate; weed infestation of field; a breach of the rules of agricultural engineering; damage to plants by imposed by diseases and pests; physical loss of crops during harvesting.

In order to get sown land that can absorb a significant amount of solar radiation, we must try to make the leaf surface grow rapidly and its area reaches 40-50 thousand m2/ha and even more.

High yields calculated according to the determined PAR ratio can be obtained only under conditions of optimal combination of water, food and air regimes. Due to the fact that the natural-climatic conditions of our country are very diverse, when programming crops, it is necessary to identify the factors limiting the growth in the productivity of sown lands.

The main cause of famine in many countries is not overpopulation or lack of land resources, but the imperfection of agricultural management systems. Any economic system requires a complex approach, optimal and efficient use of resources according to their characteristics.

An important factor in increasing crop yields is the increase in the coefficient of photosynthetically active radiation by the use of a new generation of bioregulators, which are fundamentally different from known chemicals and plant-based remedies.

Bioenergy activators significantly enhance the photosynthetic apparatus of plants. Using them, it is possible for plants to adapt to different conditions. Thanks to them, plants are even more resistant to diseases and pests on low-fertile soils and more easily adapt to the adverse effects of weather. They allow us to get a biologically clean high quality crop without polluting the environment.

Bioenergy activators significantly increase the productivity and resilience of plant and animal organisms and reduce environmental pollution, receive prophylactic nutrition and, consequently, increase the quality of life.

In Georgia, as a result of many years of research, the bioenergetic activator "Bioragi" (Prof. R. Gakhokidze) has been obtained. "Bioragi" activates the migration of micro-macro elements and the production of organic matter in the soil, which improves their biological uptake by the plant. Helps the uptake of molecular nitrogen by airborne bacteria. All this has a positive effect on improving the physico-chemical parameters of the soil (restructuring).

It strengthens the resistance of plants to external factors and diseases, which is a means of obtaining organic products without contaminating the soil with poisons. It digs into the plant cell, acts as an inductor of general nonspecific endurance, and enhances the plant protection function by activating the backup mechanism. The plant quickly comes out of a stressful situation. Activation of photosynthesis and respiration accelerates the recovery of plants and their acclimatization to adaptive environmental conditions.

Assessing the energy value of the crop helps to properly manage the production of agricultural products. One of the main tasks of agro-technologists is to make full and efficient use of natural energy resources.

Bioenergy activator "Bioragi" increases (grows) the area of ​​green leaves of the plant and by activating photosynthesis significantly enhances the absorption of carbon dioxide - a greenhouse gas from the atmosphere, which is the optimal way to solve the problem of global warming. 

Key words: exergy; economic system; photosynthesis; energy cost; sunbeam; bio-energy activator.