Expanded Summary

This article examines the process of green economy transformation in Georgia, with a particular focus on the economic significance of secondary resource utilization. In the context of contemporary sustainable development challenges, the shift from a linear economic model toward a circular economy has become a critical policy priority. The study situates this transition within broader theoretical and practical frameworks of sustainable development, resource efficiency, and environmental-economic integration.

The research analyzes the core principles of efficient resource management and circular economy models, emphasizing their increasing relevance for modern economic systems. It argues that sustainable development cannot be achieved solely through environmental regulation, but requires a systemic transformation of production and consumption patterns, as well as the integration of secondary resource flows into the national economy.

Special attention is given to the role of secondary resource processing and reuse in promoting both economic growth and environmental sustainability. The study discusses the current state of waste management in Georgia, highlighting structural challenges such as insufficient recycling infrastructure, low levels of waste separation at the source, and limited coordination between public institutions and the private sector. These factors significantly restrict the efficient circulation of secondary resources within the economy.

At the same time, the paper identifies considerable development potential in this field. The expansion of secondary resource utilization can contribute to cost reduction in production processes, increase overall economic efficiency, and support the creation of new value chains. Additionally, it can stimulate employment growth in recycling, logistics, and related green sectors, while also contributing to import substitution and improved resource security.

Methodologically, the article is based on a combination of theoretical literature review and analysis of Georgia’s economic and environmental context. This approach allows for a comprehensive understanding of both conceptual foundations and practical constraints of green economy development in the country.

The findings suggest that secondary resource utilization is a key driver of green economy transformation in Georgia and plays an essential role in achieving sustainable development objectives. However, the effective realization of this potential requires coordinated policy measures, institutional strengthening, investment in modern technologies, and greater alignment with circular economy principles.

Overall, the study concludes that the integration of secondary resource utilization into economic policy frameworks is not only an environmental necessity but also a strategic economic opportunity for long-term development and competitiveness.